A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Learning Techniques in Educational Data Mining

Educational Data Mining (EDM) has emerged as a vital field of research, which harnesses the power of computational techniques to analyze educational data. With the increasing complexity and diversity of educational data, Deep Learning techniques have shown significant advantages in addressing the challenges associated with analyzing and modeling this data. This survey aims to systematically review the state-of-the-art in EDM with Deep Learning. We begin by providing a brief introduction to EDM and Deep Learning, highlighting their relevance in the context of modern education. Next, we present a detailed review of Deep Learning techniques applied in four typical educational scenarios, including knowledge tracing, undesirable student detecting, performance prediction, and personalized recommendation. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of public datasets and processing tools for EDM is provided. Finally, we point out emerging trends and future directions in this research area.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure

TREATMENT OF THORACOLUMBAR FRACTURES BY CLOSED REDUCTION VIA A PERCUTANEOUS SOLID PEDICLE SCREW

ABSTRACT Objectives: Investigate the effect of closed reduction and per- cutaneous pedicle screw fixation in treating thoracolumbar fractures. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 12 cases of single-segment thoracolumbar spine fractures without spinal cord and nerve injury at our department from March 2016 to September 2017. Patients were treated with closed reduction, percutaneous reduction, and internal fixation with solid pedicle screws. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, anterior vertebral body height ratio (AVHR), Cobb angle (CA) of sagittal kyphosis, and VAS of back pain were determined and statistically compared. Results: The average operation time was 147.2 ± 45.6 min, and the average intraoperative bleeding was 67.8 ± 34.2 mL. All fractured vertebrae were completely reduced, their height was restored, and kyphosis was corrected. The average follow-up period was 10.6 ± 2.7 months, with significant improvements seen in the AVHR, CA of sagittal kyphosis, and VAS score (P < 0.01). One case had a broken rod after three months, and another had a postoperative infection. All the patients achieved bony healing. Conclusion: The treatment of thoracolumbar fractures by closed reduction and internal fixation with a percutaneous solid pedicle screw is simple, effective, and economical. Level of Evidence VI; Therapeutic Study, Case Series

Impact of Nonlocality on Group Delay and Reflective Behavior Near Surface Plasmon Resonances in Otto Structure

In this work, we study the effects of nonlocality on the optical response near surface plasmon resonance of the Otto structure, and such nonlocality is considered in the hydrodynamic model. Through analyzing the dispersion relations and optical response predicted by the Drude’s and hydrodynamic model in the system, we find that the nonlocal effect is sensitive to the large propagation wavevector, and there exists a critical incident angle and thickness. The critical point moves to the smaller value when the nonlocal effect is taken into account. Before this point, the absorption of the reflected light pulse enhances; however, the situation reverses after this point. In the region between the two different critical points in the frequency scan calculated from local and nonlocal theories, the group delay of the reflected light pulse shows opposite behaviors. These results are explained in terms of the pole and zero phenomenological model in complex frequency plane. Our work may contribute to the fundamental understanding of light–matter interactions at the nanoscale and in the design of optical devices

A New Method for Locating Positions of Single-Core Cables in Three-Phase Submarine Power Circuits Based on Phase Difference Data

The identification of submarine cable locations is crucial for their operation and maintenance. Precise location data enables the monitoring of route changes and facilitates rapid fault detection. Magnetic sensing is commonly used for detecting buried submarine cables. However, current research seldom discusses the impact of mutual magnetic field interference among submarine power cables on location accuracy and considers only the magnetic field intensity for cable detection. In this study, the authors first establish a general magnetic field model for three parallel single-core submarine power cables carrying three-phase currents and thoroughly investigate the variations in the amplitude and phase difference of the magnetic field surrounding the cables. Based on this model, the authors introduce a gradient measurement method based on the phase difference for the first time and compare its location accuracy with that of the traditional extremum method. Our findings reveal that the phase difference method offers higher location accuracy at longer detection distances, whereas the extremum method is preferable for shorter distances because of its simpler device and criteria

An SDN Architecture for AUV-Based Underwater Wireless Networks to Enable Cooperative Underwater Search

With the emergence of new underwater ICTs, UWNs based on AUV have become the mainstream technology for underwater search tasks. These advanced underwater searching technologies are leading to smart perceptual ocean technologies. However, to support precise multi-AUVs cooperative underwater search and provide intelligent data collection and data transfer among the AUVs, one of the challenging issues is to design a scalable network architecture capable of fine-grained control and smart underwater data routing. In this article, we employ the paradigm of SDN technology and propose an SDN-based underwater cooperative searching framework for AUV-based UWNs. In particular, we propose a software-defined beaconing framework integrating two categories of defined beacons to synchronize network information and execute network operations. Based on the software-defined beaconing framework, we introduce the USBL positioning system and propose a hierarchical localization framework to localize/track each AUV in the network. Then, we utilize the potential field theory to model the multi-AUV cooperative operation, leading to a cooperative control framework. Finally, to guarantee the potential data transfer among the AUVs, we also propose a software-defined hybrid data transfer scheduling framework. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme performs more efficiently than some existing schemes especially the distributed control policy.This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61971206; the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No. 2019M661096; and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, No. DUT19ZD206, and No. DUT20RC(5)016